The human side of enterprise, annotated edition by douglas. Mcgregor argued that these assumptions fall into two broad categories theory x and theory y. The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on employee engagement 199 to act out a specific behavior as opposed to another and what they expect the result of that selected behavior will be. Y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his 1960 book the human. Theory x and theory y are theories of human work motivation and management. Mcgregor s work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of abraham maslow, who created the hierarchy of needs.
Mcgregor s theory x and theory y are theories about human behavior and motivation in the organization that was published in 1960 by douglas mcgregor. Theory y management question 10 zeppos company would best be described by douglas mcgregor 1960 as selected answer. Mcgregor argues that these assumptions fall into two broad categoriestheory x and theory y. Douglas murray mcgregor 1906 1 october 1964 was a management professor at the mit sloan school of management and president of antioch college from 1948 to 1954. In the 1960 s, douglas murray mcgregor, a famous mit professor of management wrote a book named the human side of enterprise in which he analyzed the various behaviors of professionals at work. Douglas mcgregor 1906 1964 was a famous management professor in the field of personal development and motivational theory. While in high school, mcgregor worked as night clerk at the mcgregor institute, a family affair originally established by his grandfather, but managed by his father and his uncle to provide temporary accommodation for around 100 transient workers at a time. Mcgregor, 1960 no matter if used it as teaching tool, or used to reward or punish employees, the performance evaluation is a very effective tool. Theory y is almost in complete contrast to that of theory x. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders.
According to the census 2001, this ward has a population of 10,254 people stats sa, 2001. The human side of enterprise consists of 3 parts and is in total about 250 pages. Chicos company would best be described by douglas mcgregor 1960 as selected answer. Jim was a fellow manager at hanover insurance, and we often reflected on the diseases produced by the prevailing hierarchical management practices of that time.
The human side of enterprise free summary by douglas mcgregor. In comparison to theory x, theory y adds more of a democratic and free. The human side of enterprise douglas mcgregor the text deals with policies and practices in the management of human resources in business and industrial organization, examining them in the light of current social science knowledge about human. Douglas mcgregor is the one who constructed theory x and y in the 1960s. The impact of intrinsic and extrinsic motivators on.
Douglas mcgregor the text deals with policies and practices in the management of human resources in business and industrial organization, examining them in the light of current social science knowledge about human. Theory y make assumptions that people in the work force. First published in 1960, the human side of enterprise has become a worldwide management bible. This book, written in 1960, is one of the true management classics, one of the greatest and most influential management books of the past century. Access a free summary of the human side of enterprise, by douglas mcgregor and 20,000 other business, leadership and nonfiction books on getabstract. In mcgregor 1957b, he further develops his thinking in terms of theory x and theory y as it relates to performance appraisal. Mcgregor is a small village in the mountains of the western cape, south africa. Theory x and theory y were first explained by mcgregor in his book, the human side of enterprise, and they refer to two styles of management authoritarian theory x and participative theory y. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop. Douglas mcgregor wrote about theory x and theory y in the late 1950s and early 1960s. Editions of the human side of enterprise by douglas mcgregor. Chicos company would best be described by douglas mcgregor. Douglas mcgregor then arrived at the conclusion that the style of leadership depends on the. In 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he.
According to mcgregor 1960, the more pessimistic view of. He referred to these two perceptions as theory x and theory y. Macgregors office, in a small building at one corner of the refinery, adjoined that of his secretarywho, when i arrived, was knitting busily and, without dropping a stitch, said to me, you must be mr. Toward a constructvalid measure article pdf available in journal of managerial issues 202. Copyright 2017, scholarly research journal for interdisciplinary. The human side of enterprise 1960, by douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y, introduced in the book and are known for management and human motivation. Mcgregor describes theory x and theory y, two fundamentally different ways managers view their employees. The purpose of this paper is to trace douglas mcgregor s theory y thinking back from pre. Managers assumptions about the behaviour of people are central to this. Edwards deming w edwards deming was an american statistician who is associated with the rise of japan as a manufacturing nation, and with the invention of total quality management tqm. His 1960 book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on education practices popo is a raafat of abraham maslow.
These findings were detailed in the human side of enterprise, first published in 1960. It took 12 years for it to come to my attention, and his lingo didnt enter the mainstream of vocabulary until the early eighties. The human side of enterprise by douglas mcgregor 1960. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. He avoided descriptive labels and simply called the theories theory x and theory y. A waigawa system question 11 donald cliftons strengthsbased management stresses selected answer. To develop your understanding of mcgregors xy theory, complete the free mcgregor xy theory test pdf, or doc version, which indicates whether your organisation is more theoryx or theoryy, as well as indicating your own or the particular individuals preference to be managed by x or y style.
They were created by douglas mcgregor while he was working at the mit sloan school of management in the 1950s, and developed further in the 1960s. This was followed in 1960 by the human side of enterprise, a book in which he presents a more comprehensive description of theory x and y and provides a number of theory y management practices mcgregor 1960. Free xy theory test tool personal and organizational pdf free xy theory. Aug 21, 2015 in 1960, douglas mcgregor developed a leadership theory mcgregor theory x and theory y about organization and management in which he represented two opposing perceptions about people.
Theory x and theory y in his 1960 book, the human side of enterprise, douglas mcgregor proposed two theories by which to view employee motivation. Douglas mcgregor, an american social psychologist, proposed his famous xy theory in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Douglas mcgregors theory x and theory y of motivation. A historical view of douglas mcgregors theory y emerald. Today, with the rise of the global economy, the information revolution, and the growth of knowledgedriven work, mcgregor s simple but provocative question continues to resonateperhaps. Pub type information analyses 070 reports general 140 edrs price mf01pc01 plus postage. Mcgregor douglas mcgregor was born in detroit, michigan. He believed this so strongly that he wrote this book in 1960 and forever changed management, whose predominant philosophy at that time was that people were inherently lazy, and would work only. Dogan unlucan mcgregor theories x and theory y student. The purpose of this paper is to trace douglas mcgregors theory y thinking back from pre. Their application in assessing leadership styles article pdf available in academic leadership 74 january 2009 with 7,275 reads how we.
Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor see article in his 1960 book the human side of enterprise. Two important suppositions form the basis of this material. Summary douglas mcgregor introduced us to two management theories which are relevant in the work place. Today, with the rise of the global economy, the information revolution, and the growth of knowledgedriven work, mcgregors simple but provocative question continues to resonateperhaps.
The human side of enterprise 1960, by douglas mcgregor by josh sanburn tuesday, aug. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregors xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Theory x and theory y management oxford bibliographies. Chapter ii theoritical background mcgregors theory in 1960, douglas mcgregor wrote a book entitled the human side of enterprise, which has become an important philosophical base for the modern view of people at work. This article describes the theory x and theory y of douglas mcgregor. Theory x and theory y was an idea devised by douglas mcgregor in his book the human side of enterprise 1960. He also taught at the indian institute of management calcutta. The first part introduces the concepts of theory x and theory y. Feb 16, 2006 buy the human side of enterprise, annotated edition annotated edition by mcgregor, douglas isbn. People require and prefer close direction people are only interested in security, want to avoid responsibility and have little ambition. Explanation of fourteen points of management by edward deming. In 1960, douglas mcgregor formulated theory x and theory y suggesting two aspects of human behaviour at work, or in other words, two different views of individuals employees. The relationship between mcgregors xy theory management. Pdf douglas mcgregors landmark book, the human side of enterprise, changed the path of management thinking and.
The x theory emphasizes on coercing people to work by threats of punitive action. Nudge theory is a flexible and modern changemanagement concept for understanding of how people think, make decisions, and behave. He is best known for his book, the human side of enterprise, pub lished in 1960. Douglas mcgregor s revolutionary theory y which contends that individuals. Douglas mcgregor the text deals with policies and practices in the management of human resources in. This theory divides workers and managers in the organization in two typical groups according to how managers lead their subordinates and respectively how subordinates behave character of the. Download douglas mcgregor revisited ebook pdf or read. After reading you will understand the background and the practical basics of these leadership styles what is theory x and theory y. His 1960 book the human side of enterprise had a profound influence on education practices. Download pdf douglas mcgregor revisited free online new. If you believe that your team members dislike their work and have little motivation, then, according to mcgregor, youll likely use an. Theory x and theory y team management training from.
He is best known for his development of the theory x and theory y, a leadership theory on two different leadership styles biography douglas mcgregor. In brief, the expectancy theory explains the mental or cognitive processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. Second, mcgregor 1960 asserted that there were two diametrically different views about the nature of people at work, which he called theory x and theory ylabels deliberately chosen to be unlike any prior concepts or theories. It was a seemingly simple question he asked, yet it led to a fundamental revolution in management. Mcgregors work was rooted in motivation theory alongside the works of. Sex discrimination act 1975 this act requests both males and females. Critically evaluate mcgregors theroy x and theory y free. The text deals with policies and practices in the management of human resources in business and industrial organization, examining them in the light of current social science knowledge about human nature and behavior. Theory x and y created by mcgregor has been a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management style and techniques. It encapsulated a fundamental distinction between management styles and has formed the basis for much subsequent writing on the subject. Deming went to japan just after the war to help set up. Synopsis this is mcgregor s timeless principles and influential thinking now updated for a new generation of managers.
To develop your understanding of mcgregor s xy theory, complete the free mcgregor xy theory test pdf, or doc version, which indicates whether your organisation is more theoryx or theoryy, as well as indicating your own or the particular individuals preference to be managed by x or y style. Their application in assessing leadership styles article pdf available in academic leadership 74 january 2009 with 7,275 reads how we measure reads. Theory x and theory y describe two views of people at work and may be used to describe two opposing management styles. Theory x and theory y are still referred to commonly in the field of management and motivation, and whilst more recent studies have questioned the rigidity of the model, mcgregor s xy theory remains a valid basic principle from which to develop positive management. Combined with the professional manager 1967 and the human side of enterprise 1960, the originator of theory x and theory y concept continues his upward march to greater understanding of what leaders need to do to maximize their human resources. From leadership and motivation, essays of douglas mcgregor, edited by w.
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